中国经济问题

中国经济问题 ›› 2024›› Issue (06): 108-.

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儿童照料与女性创业——基于CFPS调查数据的实证分析

  

  • 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2025-01-20

Childcare and Female Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Analysis Based on the China Family Panel Studies Data

  • Online:2024-11-20 Published:2025-01-20

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摘要： 本文基于2010-2020年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据，运用线性概率模型（LPM）和工具变量法(2SLS)考察了儿童照料对女性创业的影响。研究发现承担儿童照料责任对女性创 业具有显著负面影响，尤其会对女性进行机会型创业活动产生抑制作用。异质性分析表明，儿童照料对创业的负面影响在20~29岁年龄段、家庭中有0~2岁儿童、多子女家庭以及居住地为农村的女性群体中更为显著。进一步的研究结果表明，承担儿童照料责任增加了女性做家务的时长，由于时间的稀缺性，女性很难同时兼顾儿童照料和创业活动，而村或社区配备幼儿园和小学则会缓解女性的儿童照料压力，降低了儿童看护对女性创业的挤出效应。

关键词: 儿童照料, 女性创业, 创业类型差异, 群体差异, 公共儿童照料机构

Abstract:

Based on the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) dating from 2010 to 2020, this paper analyzed the impact of childcare on female entrepreneurship through the Linear Probability Model (LPM) and two–stage least square(2SLS). The results showed that childcare has a significantly negative impact on female entrepreneurship activity, especially opportunistic entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity analysis indicated that the female entrepreneurship of different groups could be affected by childcare, particularly for the age of 20-29 years old, families with children of 0-2 years old, multiple-child families, and rural females. Furthermore, the paper finds that housework time for women increased by undertaking the responsibility of childcare. It was difficult for women to consider childcare and entrepreneurship activity for the scarcity of time. However, the village or community with kindergartens and elementary schools relieves the stress on women and reduces the crowding-out effect of childcare for women's entrepreneurship.

Key words:

childcare, female entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship style differences; group differences, public childcare facilities