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中国经济问题 ›› 2025›› Issue (04): 40-.

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投资品部类自主积累的可能性考察———基于两部类积累率模型

  

  • 出版日期:2025-10-01 发布日期:2025-10-01

  • Online:2025-10-01 Published:2025-10-01

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摘要：

19世纪末，俄国不同政治派别的马克思主义者借助再生产图式，讨论了俄国资本主义是否可以借助国内市场的扩张而发展的问题，由此引出了关于剩余价值实现问题的长期争论。本文基于建构的两部类积累率模型展现了投资品部类自主积累的动态过程，得出如下结论:第一，为了维持两部类平衡，投资品部类不仅需要不断积累，而且需要积累率在这一过程中不断提升。考虑到积累率的跨期调整，投资品部类积累率的提升还需要在生产过剩的条件下进行。这表明投资品部类的自主积累在封闭的资本主义制度中面临重重障碍。第二，资本有机构成的提升不仅会放松投资品部类增长的边界条件，而且会在整个扩大再生产过程中减小投资品部类的积累压力，从而延长其达到增长边界之前的积累时间。如果资本有机构成的提高伴随着剩余价值率的提升，那么投资品部类的积累率相对于剩余价值率不变的情况又会上升，从而可能导致积累过程更快达到增长边界。这表明投资品部类的自主积累不仅依赖于科学技术知识存量的增长，还需要控制剩余价值率的过快增长。 

关键词:

投资品部类, 自主积累, 积累率模型, 再生产图式, 生产过剩

Abstract:

At the end of the 19th century, Marxists from different political factions in Russia used reproduction schema to discuss whether Russian capitalism could develop through the expansion of the domestic market. This led to a longstanding debate about the realization of surplus value. Based on the constructed two-sector accumulation rate model, this paper presents the following conclusions by demonstrating the dynamic process of independent accumulation in the investment goods sector. First, to maintain a balance between the two sectors, the investment goods sector not only needs continuous accumulation but also needs to increase its accumulation rate during this process. If we consider the intertemporal adjustment of the accumulation rate, it can be found that the increase in the accumulation rate of the investment goods sector also needs to occur under conditions of overproduction. This indicates that the independent accumulation of the investment goods sector faces numerous obstacles within a closed capitalist system. Second, an increase in the organic composition of capital not only relaxes the boundary conditions for growth in the investment goods sector but also reduces the accumulation pressure in the investment goods sector throughout the expanded reproduction process, thereby extending the time before reaching the growth boundary. If the increase in the organic composition of capital is accompanied by a rise in the rate of surplus value, then the accumulation rate of the investment goods sector will rise compared to the case where the rate of surplus value remains unchanged, which may lead to the reproduction process reaching the accumulation boundary more quickly. This suggests that the independent accumulation in the investment goods sector not only depends on the growth of scientific and technological knowledge but also requires control over the rapid increase in the rate of surplus value.

Key words:

investment goods sector, independent accumulation, accumulation rate model, reproduction scheme, overproduction