中国经济问题

中国经济问题 ›› 2026›› Issue (04): 165-.

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撤县设区,政策注意力分配与城乡居民收入差距

  

  • 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-09-22

County-to-District Reforms, Policy Attention Allocation and the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents

  • Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-09-22

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摘要： 本文基于 2003-2020 年县级面板数据,考察了撤县设区改革对城乡居民收入差距的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,撤县设区显著扩大了城乡居民收入差距,这表明撤县设区改革产生了收入分配效应,且其对城乡居民收入差距的扩大效应在行政级别较低,改革前为县级市的城市中表现更突出,在“三农”工作考核力度较弱时有着更充分的体现。机制分析发现,撤县设区使得原县域城乡政策注意力分配的均衡状态被打破,强化了城市偏向的政策支持力度,进而诱发城乡居民收入差距扩大。因此,政策上应警惕撤县设区对城乡居民收入差距的不利影响,弱化其收入分配效应。

关键词: 行政区划调整, 政策注意力:收入分配效应:双重差分法

Abstract:

Based on county-level panel data from 2003 to 2020, this paper examines the impact of the county-to-district reforms on the income gap between urban and rural residents and its mechanism of action. The research finds that the county-to-district reforms significantly widen the income gap between urban and rural residents, indicating that the reforms have produced an income distribution effect. Moreover, the widening effect is more pronounced in cities with lower administrative levels, or those that were county-level cities prior to the reform, and it is more fully manifested when the assessment of work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers is weaker. The mechanism analysis reveals that the county-to-district reforms disrupt the previously balanced allocation of policy attention between urban and rural areas within the original county, strengthen the urban-biased policy support, and thereby induce the widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents. Therefore, policymakers should be vigilant about the adverse impact of the county-to-district reforms on the income gap between urban and rural residents and mitigate their income distribution effect.

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