中国经济问题 ›› 2026›› Issue (02): 136-.

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人工智能时代就业结构的深刻变革与社会保障体系适应性重构

  

  • 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-06-02

The Profound Transformation in Employment Structure and the AdaptiveReconstruction of the Social Security System in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

  • Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-06-02

摘要: 本文立足马克思主义政治经济学底层逻辑,融合“任务框架”与“风险适配”理论,构焦人工智能时代就业结构与社会保障体系的适建“技术影响-结构变革-保障响应”分析框架,聚配问题。研究表明,人工智能推动资本有机构成提升,通过“替代一互补”双重效应重塑就业结构呈现低技能岗位收缩、中技能岗位转型、高技能岗仁需求激增且供给缺口突出的特征:现行社保体系在参保资格界定、缴费结构设计等方面存在滞后性,难以适配低技能劳动者权益保障与新就业形态发展需求。据此,从制度设计、保障体系、管理服务、基金支撑四大维度,提出构建“动态适应、精准保障、数字赋能”的新型社会保障体系,旨在实现科技进步与民生保障的协同发展,为我国人工智能时代社会保障体系的优化完盖提供实践路径。

关键词: 人工智能:就业结构变革:资本有机构成:社会保障体系:适应性重构

Abstract: Based on the underlying logic of Marxist politcal economy, this paper integrates the “ task framework” andrisk adaptation" theories to construct an analytical frameworof“technological impact-structural transformation-securityt structure and the social security system in the era of artifi,focusing on the adaptation between the employmeiresponsepromotes the improvement of the organic composition of capcial intelligence. The research shows that artificial intelligencital and reshapes the employment structure through the “ substitution-complementation” effect, which is characterized bym-skilled jobs, and a surge in demand for high-skilled jobsthe reduction of low-skilled jobs, the transformation of mediuaccompanied by a significant supply gap. However, the currensocial security system lags behind eligibility for participationand contribution structures, making it difficult to meet theeeds of low-skilled workers and new forms of employmentBased on this , from five dimensions including institutional deign, this paper proposes a plan for constructing a new sociality, and digital empowerment”. The plan aims to achieve thesecurity system featuring “dynamic adaptation , targeted secur'ss and people's livelihood security, and provide a practicalcoordinated development of scientific and technological progrpathway for optimizing and improving China's social securityystem in the era of artificial intelligence.

Key words: artiicial inteligence: transformation of employment structure: organic composition of capital, soclal security system:adaptive reconstruction